References
Positive effects of cell-phones for students
Denoyelles, A., Brown, T., Seilhamer, R., and Chen, B. (2023, January 25). The evolving landscape of students’ mobile learning practices in higher education. Educause Review. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2023/1/the-evolving-landscape-of-students-mobile-learning-practices-in-higher-education
Garzón J, Lampropoulos G, Burgos D. (2023). Effects of mobile learning in English language learning: A meta-analysis and research synthesis. Electronics, 12(7):1595. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071595 https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/7/1595
Mohammadi, M., Sarvestani, M., and Nouroozi, S. (2020). Mobile phone use in education and learning by faculty members of technical-engineering groups: Concurrent mixed methods design. Frontiers in Education, 5(16), pp. 1-9. doi:10.3389/feduc.2020.00016. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2020.00016/full
Partsei, K., Shevchuk, B., Buksar, S., Kurtyak, F., and Barabanchyk, O. (2025). The impact of using mobile apps on student engagement and involvement in the learning process. Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences Original Research 13(1), pp.219-232. https://pen.ius.edu.ba/index.php/pen/article/download/248/205/749
Talan, Tarik. (2020). The Effect of Mobile Learning on Learning Performance: A Meta-Analysis Study. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 20(1), pp. 79-103. DOI 10.12738/jestp.2020.1.006. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338894592_The_Effect_of_Mobile_Learning_on_Learning_Performance_A_Meta-Analysis_Study
Negative effects of cell-phones for students
Berman, R. (2025 April 1). 1 Hour of screen time at bedtime raised insomnia risk by 59%. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health-news/screen-time-bedtime-insomnia-risk#Tips-to-practice-good-sleep-hygiene
Haidt, J. (2023 June 6). Get phones out of schools now. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/06/ban-smartphones-phone-free-schools-social-media/674304/
Lone Star Neurology. (2025). Smartphone addiction: Effects on Cognition and Attention.
https://lonestarneurology.net/others/the-impact-of-smartphone-addiction-on-cognitive-function-and-attention-span/#:~:text=Studies%20have%20shown%20that%20excessive,implications%20of%20our%20digital%20dependency.
Newsome, R. (2025). Blue light: How it effects sleep. https://www.sleepfoundation.org/bedroom-environment/blue-light
Park, J. (2024). An examination of why smartphone use gradually leads to addiction. In Stephandis C., Antona, M., Ntoa, S., & Salvendy, G. (Eds.), Communications in Computer and Information Science (pp. 394-398). Springer. https://link-springer-com.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-61963-2_40
Ward, A.F., Duke, K., Gneezy, A., & Bos, M.W. (2017). Brain drain: The mere presence of one’s own smart phone reduces available cognitive capacity. Journal of the Association for Consumer Research 2(2), 137-266. https://www-journals-uchicago-edu.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/doi/epdf/10.1086/691462
Mental Health
Abi-Jaoude, E., Naylor, K.T., & Pignatiello, A. (2020). Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health. Canadian Medical Association Journal 192(6), 136-141. https://www.cmaj.ca/content/cmaj/192/6/E136.full.pdf
Government of Canada. (2024). 2023 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth — Changes in the mental health of respondents from the 2019 survey. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/240910/dq240910a-eng.htm